            SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))		       UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV			SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))      !      NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE ; 	  sox -	SOund eXchange - universal sound sample	translator   =      SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS A 	  ssssooooxxxx _i_n_f_i_l_e _o_u_t_f_i_l_e  	  ssssooooxxxx _i_n_f_i_l_e _o_u_t_f_i_l_e [[[[ _e_f_f_e_c_t [[[[	_e_f_f_e_c_t _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ... ]]]] ]]]]  	  ssssooooxxxx _i_n_f_i_l_e ----eeee	_e_f_f_e_c_t [[[[ _e_f_f_e_c_t	_o_p_t_i_o_n_s	... ]]]] 	  ssssooooxxxx [	_g_e_n_e_r_a_l	_o_p_t_i_o_n_s	 ]]]] [[[[ _f_o_r_m_a_t _o_p_t_i_o_n_s  ]]]] _i_f_i_l_e [[[[ _f_o_r_m_a_t 	  _o_p_t_i_o_n_s  ]]]] _o_f_i_l_e [[[[ _e_f_f_e_c_t [ _e_f_f_e_c_t _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ... ]]]] ]]]]  	  _G_e_n_e_r_a_l _o_p_t_i_o_n_s:  [[[[ ----VVVV ]]]] [[[[ ----vvvv	_v_o_l_u_m_e ]]]]  	  _F_o_r_m_a_t _o_p_t_i_o_n_s:  [[[[ ----tttt	_f_i_l_e_t_y_p_e ]]]] [[[[ ----rrrr	_r_a_t_e ]]]] [[[[ ----ssss////----uuuu////----UUUU////----AAAA ]]]]  	  [[[[ ----bbbb////----wwww////----llll////----ffff////----dddd////----DDDD ]]]]	[[[[ ----cccc _c_h_a_n_n_e_l_s ]]]]	[[[[ ----xxxx ]]]]  	  _E_f_f_e_c_t_s: $ 	       ccccooooppppyyyy$ 	       rrrraaaatttteeee 	       aaaavvvvgggg $ 	       ssssttttaaaatttt~ 	       eeeecccchhhhoooo _d_e_l_a_y _v_o_l_u_m_e [[[[ _d_e_l_a_y _v_o_l_u_m_e	... ]]]][ 	       vvvviiiibbbbrrrroooo _s_p_e_e_d [[[[ _d_e_p_t_h ]]]] 7 	       lllloooowwwwpppp _c_e_n_t_e_r > 	       hhhhiiiigggghhhhpppp _c_e_n_t_e_rl 	       bbbbaaaannnndddd [[[[ -_n ]]]] _c_e_n_t_e_r [[[[ _w_i_d_t_h ]]]]  R      DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN? 	  _S_o_x translates sound files from one format to	another, ! 	  possibly doing a sound effect.   6      OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS8 	  The option syntax is a little	grotty,	but in essence: 	       sox file.au file.voc; 	  translates a sound sample in SUN Sparc .AU format into a   	  SoundBlaster .VOC file, while4 	       sox -v 0.5 file.au -rate	12000 file.voc rate7 	  does the same	format translation but also lowers the ; 	  amplitude by 1/2 and changes the sampling rate from 8000 e 	  hertz	to 12000 hertz via the rrrraaaatttteeee _s_o_u_n_d _e_f_f_e_c_t loop.    	  File type options:   * 	  ----tttt _f_i_l_e_t_y_p_e. 		    gives the type of the sound	sample file.  C 	  ----rrrr _r_a_t_e   Give sample	rate in	Hertz of file.   P 	  ----ssss////----uuuu////----UUUU////----AAAA8 		    The	sample data is signed linear (2's complement),4 		    unsigned linear, U-law (logarithmic), or A-law6 		    (logarithmic).  U-law and A-law are	the U.S. and7 		    international standards for	logarithmic telephone  		    sound compression.  z 	  ----bbbb////----wwww////----llll////----ffff////----dddd////----DDDD      &      Page 1					      (printed 6/3/93)                  SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))		       UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV			SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))      7 		    The	sample data is in bytes, 16-bit	words, 32-bit 8 		    longwords, 32-bit floats, 64-bit double floats, or7 		    80-bit IEEE	floats.	 Floats	and double floats are  		    in native machine format.   D 	  ----xxxx	    The	sample data is in XINU format; that is,	it7 		    comes from a machine with the opposite word	order 5 		    than yours and must	be swapped according to	the 4 		    word-size given above.  Only 16-bit	and 32-bit2 		    integer data may be	swapped.  Machine-format7 		    floating-point data	is not portable.  IEEE floats ' 		    are	a fixed, portable format. ???   * 	  ----cccc _c_h_a_n_n_e_l_s4 		    The	number of sound	channels in the	data file.7 		    This may be	1, 2, or 4; for	mono, stereo, or quad  		    sound data.    	  General options:   H 	  ----eeee	    after the input file allows	you to avoid giving an8 		    output file	and just name an effect.  This is only: 		    useful with	the ssssttttaaaatttt effect.  U 	  ----vvvv _v_o_l_u_m_e Change amplitude (floating point); less than 1.0 6 		    decreases, greater than 1.0	increases.  Note: we4 		    perceive volume logarithmically, not linearly.8 		    Note: see the ssssttttaaaatttt effect.  G 	  ----VVVV	    Print a description	of processing phases.  Useful = 		    for	figuring out exactly how _s_o_x is	mangling your  		    sound samples.  ? 	  The input and	output files may be standard input and output. R 	  This is specified by '-'.  The ----tttt _t_y_p_e option	must be	givenE 	  in this case,	else _s_o_x will not know the format of the given 	  file.	 The ----tttt,,,, ----rrrr,,,, ----ssss////----uuuu////----UUUU////----AAAA,,,, ----bbbb////----wwww////----llll////----ffff////----dddd////----DDDD and	----xxxx > 	  options refer	to the input data when given before the	input4 	  file name.  After, they refer	to the output data.  B 	  If you don't give an output file name, _s_o_x will just read< 	  the input file.  This	is useful for validating structured` 	  file formats;	the ssssttttaaaatttt effect	may also be used via the ----eeee
 	  option.  E      FFFFIIIILLLLEEEE TTTTYYYYPPPPEEEESSSS E 	  _S_o_x needs to know the	formats	of the input and output	files. > 	  File formats which have headers are checked, if that header< 	  doesn't seem right, the program exits	with an	appropriate: 	  message.  Currently, raw (no header) binary and textual4 	  data,	IRCAM Sound Files, Sound Blaster, SPARC	.AU; 	  (w/header), Mac HCOM,	PC/DOS .SOU, Sndtool, and Sounder,       &      Page 2					      (printed 6/3/93)                  SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))		       UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV			SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))      < 	  NeXT .SND, Windows 3.1 RIFF/WAV, Turtle Beach	.SMP, CD-R,5 	  and Apple/SGI	AIFF and 8SVX formats are supported.   [ 	  ....aaaaiiiiffffffff	    AIFF files used on Apple IIc/IIgs and SGI.	Note: 7 		    the	AIFF format supports only one SSND chunk.  It 4 		    does not support multiple sound chunks, or the7 		    8SVX musical instrument description	format.	 AIFF 4 		    files are multimedia archives and and can have7 		    multiple audio and picture chunks.	You may	need a * 		    separate archiver to work with them.  L 	  ....aaaauuuu	    SUN	Microsystems AU	files.	There are apparently7 		    many types of .au files; DEC has invented its own 7 		    with a different magic number and word order. The 3 		    .au	handler	can read these files but will not 7 		    write them.	 Some .au files	have valid AU headers 8 		    and	some do	not.  The latter are probably original3 		    SUN	u-law 8000 hz samples.	These can be dealt > 		    with using the ....uuuullll format (see below).  \ 	  ....hhhhccccoooommmm	    Macintosh HCOM files.  These are (apparently) Mac- 		    FSSD files with some variant of Huffman 8 		    compression.  The Macintosh	has wacky file formats7 		    and	this format handler apparently doesn't handle 7 		    all	the ones it should.  Mac users will need your 6 		    usual arsenal of file converters to	deal with an" 		    HCOM file under Unix or DOS.  : 	  ....rrrraaaawwww	    Raw	files (no header).8 		    The	sample rate, size (byte, word, etc), and style7 		    (signed, unsigned, etc.)  of the sample file must 6 		    be given.  The number of channels defaults to 1.   	  ....uuuubbbb,,,, ....ssssbbbb,,,, ....uuuuwwww,,,, ....sssswwww,,,, ....uuuullll1 		    These are several suffices which serve as a 3 		    shorthand for raw files with a given size and  		    style.  Thus, uuuubbbb,,,, ssssbbbb,,,, uuuuwwww,,,, sssswwww,,,, and uuuullll correspond to6 		    "unsigned byte", "signed byte", "unsigned word",8 		    "signed word", and "ulaw" (byte).  The sample rate8 		    defaults to	8000 hz	if not explicitly set, and the3 		    number of channels (as always) defaults to 1. 8 		    There are lots of Sparc samples floating around in7 		    u-law format with no header	and fixed at a sample 1 		    rate of 8000 hz.  (Certain sound management / 		    software cheerfully	ignores	the headers.) 5 		    Similarly, most Mac	sound files are	in unsigned 6 		    byte format	with a sample rate of 11025 or 22050	 		    hz.   / 	  ....ssssffff	    IRCAM Sound	Files. 4 		    SoundFiles are used	by academic music software7 		    such as the	CSound package,	and the	MixView	sound       &      Page 3					      (printed 6/3/93)                  SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))		       UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV			SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))       		    sample editor.  < 	  ....vvvvoooocccc	    Sound Blaster VOC files.2 		    VOC	files are multi-part and contain silence4 		    parts, looping, and	different sample rates for8 		    different chunks.  On input, the silence parts are5 		    filled out,	loops are rejected, and	sample data 7 		    with a new sample rate is rejected.	 Silence with * 		    a different	sample rate is generated/ 		    appropriately.  On output, silence is not 0 		    detected, nor are impossible sample	rates.  \ 	  ....aaaauuuuttttoooo	    This is a ``meta-type'': specifying	this type for4 		    an input file triggers some	code that tries	to7 		    guess the real type	by looking for magic words in 4 		    the	header.	 If the	type can't be guessed, the5 		    program exits with an error	message.  The input 8 		    must be a plain file, not a	pipe.  This type can't 		    be used for	output files.   ( 	  ....ccccddddrrrr	    CD-R4 		    CD-R files are used	in mastering music Compact6 		    Disks.  The	file format is,	as you might expect,5 		    raw	stereo raw unsigned samples at 44khz.  But, 1 		    there's some blocking/padding oddity in the * 		    format, so it needs	its own	handler.  3 	  ....ddddaaaatttt	    Text Data files 5 		    These files	contain	a textual representation of 0 		    the	sample data.  There is one line	at the. 		    beginning that contains the	sample rate.6 		    Subsequent lines contain two numeric data items:8 		    the	time since the beginning of the	sample and the6 		    sample value.  Values are normalized so that the8 		    maximum and	minimum	are 1.00 and -1.00.  This file1 		    format can be used to create data files for 6 		    external programs such as FFT analyzers or graph4 		    routines.  SOX can also convert a file in this5 		    format back	into one of the	other file formats.   D 	  ....ssssmmmmpppp	    Turtle Beach SampleVision files.3 		    SMP	files are for use with the PC-DOS package 2 		    SampleVision by Turtle Beach Softworks. This2 		    package is for communication to several MIDI5 		    samplers. All sample rates are supported by	the 4 		    package, although not all are supported by the4 		    samplers themselves. Currently loop	points are 		    ignored.  @ 	  ....wwwwaaaavvvv	    Windows 3.1	.WAV RIFF files.7 		    These appear to be very similar to IFF files, but 2 		    not	the same. They are the native sound file      &      Page 4					      (printed 6/3/93)                  SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))		       UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV			SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))      7 		    format of Windows 3.1.  Obviously, Windows 3.1 is 3 		    of such incredible importance to the computer 5 		    industry that it just had to have its own sound  		    file format.  6      EEEEFFFFFFFFEEEECCCCTTTTSSSS= 	  Only one effect from the palette may be applied to a sound D 	  sample.  To do multiple effects you'll need to run _s_o_x in a 	  pipeline.  % 	  copy				Copy the input file to the  					output file.  This is the! 					default	effect if both files ! 					have the same sampling rate,  					or the rates are "close".  ( 	  rate				Translate input	sampling rate  					to output sampling rate	via  					linear interpolation to	the! 					Least Common Multiple of the ! 					two sampling rates.  This is " 					the default effect if the two" 					files have different sampling 					rates.	This is	fast but 					noisy:	the spectrum of	the # 					original sound will be shifted # 					upwards	and duplicated faintly  					when up-translating by a  					multiple.  ( 	  avg				Mix 4- or 2-channel sound file! 					into 2-	or 1-channel file by  					averaging the samples for 					different speakers.  ( 	  stat				Do a statistical check on the" 					input file, and	print results  					on the standard	error file.3 					ssssttttaaaatttt may copy the file  					untouched from input to 					output,	if you select an  					output file. The "Volume  					Adjustment:" field in the 					statistics gives you the 6 					argument to the	----vvvv _n_u_m_b_e_r" 					which will make	the sample as 					loud as	possible.  X 	  echo [ _d_e_l_a_y _v_o_l_u_m_e ...  ]]]]	Add echoing to a sound sample.! 					Each delay/volume pair gives ! 					the delay in seconds and the   					volume (relative to 1.0) of      &      Page 5					      (printed 6/3/93)                  SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))		       UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV			SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))      # 					that echo.  If the volumes add # 					up to more than	1.0, the sound  					will melt down instead of 					fading away.   U 	  vibro	_s_p_e_e_d  [[[[ _d_e_p_t_h ]]]]	Add the	world-famous Fender " 					Vibro-Champ sound effect to a! 					sound sample by	using a	sine  					wave as	the volume knob. A 					SSSSppppeeeeeeeedddd gives the	Hertz value of " 					the wave.  This	must be	under> 					30.  DDDDeeeepppptttthhhh gives the amount" 					the volume is cut into by the" 					sine wave, ranging 0.0 to 1.0 					and defaulting to 0.5.   : 	  lowp _c_e_n_t_e_r			Apply a	low-pass filter.  The 					frequency response drops , 					logarithmically	with _c_e_n_t_e_r# 					frequency in the middle	of the # 					drop.  The slope of the	filter  					is quite gentle.   < 	  highp	_c_e_n_t_e_r			Apply a	high-pass filter.  The 					frequency response drops , 					logarithmically	with _c_e_n_t_e_r# 					frequency in the middle	of the # 					drop.  The slope of the	filter  					is quite gentle.   n 	  band [[[[ -_n ]]]] _c_e_n_t_e_r [[[[ _w_i_d_t_h ]]]]	Apply a	band-pass filter.  The 					frequency response drops  					logarithmically	around the 7 					_c_e_n_t_e_r frequency.  The _w_i_d_t_h ! 					gives the slope	of the drop. , 					The frequencies	at _c_e_n_t_e_r +B 					_w_i_d_t_h and _c_e_n_t_e_r - _w_i_d_t_h will 					be half	of their original: 					amplitudes.  BBBBaaaannnndddd defaults to 					a mode oriented	to pitched " 					signals, i.e. voice, singing,$ 					or instrumental	music.	The -_n  					(for noise) option uses	the" 					alternate mode for un-pitched6 					signals.  BBBBaaaannnndddd introduces 					noise in the shape of the  					filter,	i.e. peaking at	the. 					_c_e_n_t_e_r frequency and settling 					around it.   = 	  _S_o_x enforces certain effects.	 If the	two files have = 	  different sampling rates, the	requested effect must be one       &      Page 6					      (printed 6/3/93)                  SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))		       UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV			SSSSOOOOXXXX((((1111))))      { 	  of ccccooooppppyyyy,,,, or rrrraaaatttteeee,,,, If the two files have different numbers of @ 	  channels, the	aaaavvvvgggg effect must	be requested.  % 	  reverse			Reverse	the sound sample  					completely.  Included for! 					finding	Satanic	subliminals.   !      BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS ; 	  The syntax is	horrific.  It's	very tempting to include a ; 	  default system that allows an	effect name as the program < 	  name and just	pipes a	sound sample from standard input to; 	  standard output, but the problem of inputting	the sample  	  rates	makes this unworkable.   (      FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS7      SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO 6      NNNNOOOOTTTTIIIICCCCEEEESSSS 	  The echoplex effect is:+ 	      Copyright	(C) 1989 by Jef	Poskanzer. ; 	      Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this  	  software and its > 	      documentation for	any purpose and	without	fee is hereby 	  granted, provided? 	      that the above copyright notice appear in	all copies and  	  that both that < 	      copyright	notice and this	permission notice appear in
 	  supporting 8 	      documentation.  This software is provided	"as is" 	  without express or  	      implied warranty.                                                  &      Page 7					      (printed 6/3/93)      